{"id":7999,"date":"2024-04-10T18:53:26","date_gmt":"2024-04-10T16:53:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zydzi-trzemeszno.pl\/?p=7999"},"modified":"2024-04-10T20:33:13","modified_gmt":"2024-04-10T18:33:13","slug":"judenlager-tremessen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zydzi-trzemeszno.pl\/en\/historia-spolecznosci\/judenlager-tremessen\/","title":{"rendered":"Judenlager Tremessen"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7999\" class=\"elementor elementor-7999\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dafa549 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"dafa549\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1dda7f exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"b1dda7f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33f1ed8 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33f1ed8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><i>Judenlager Tremessen<\/i>,or forced labor camp for Jewish women in Trzemeszno (1942-1943)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-69d5575 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"69d5575\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5de39c7 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"5de39c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39319b1 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39319b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Knowledge of the forced labor camp for Jewish women in Trzemeszno, which existed for several months during the occupation, has so far been scarce. In recent years, its existence was mentioned by Dr. Anna Zi\u00f3\u0142kowska in her book <em>Obozy pracy przymusowej dla \u017byd\u00f3w w Wielkopolsce w latach okupacji hitlerowskiej (1941-1943) [Forced Labor Camps for Jews in Greater Poland in the Years of Nazi Occupation (1941-1943)]<\/em><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">A. Zi\u00f3\u0142kowska,<em> Obozy pracy przymusowej dla \u017byd\u00f3w w Wielkopolsce w latach okupacji hitlerowskiej (1941-1943) [Forced Labor Camps for Jews in Greater Poland in the Years of Nazi Occupation (1941-1943)] <\/em>Appendix 1, p. 255.<em><br \/><\/em><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> and by Dr. Tomasz Kawski in his article <em>Spo\u0142eczno\u015b\u0107 \u017cydowska na pograniczu kujawsko- wielkopolskim w XX wieku [The Jewish Community around the Kujawy-Greater Poland Border in the 20th Century]<\/em><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> T. Kawski, <em>Spo\u0142eczno\u015b\u0107 \u017cydowska na pograniczu kujawsko- wielkopolskim w XX wieku [The Jewish Community around the Kujawy-Greater Poland Borderland in the 20th Century], [in:] Z dziej\u00f3w pogranicza kujawsko-wielkopolskiego [From the History of the Kujawy-Greater Poland Borderland]<\/em>ed. D. Karczewski, Strzelno 2007, p. 187.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<br \/>They mention in their publications another labor camp in Trzemeszno \u2013 for men of Jewish origin \u2013 existing at the same time as for women, and with a similar purpose \u2013 to perform municipal works. However, I have not managed to find any documents or testimonies confirming its existence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db33f2 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5db33f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A year ago, a local history enthusiast, Zygmunt Nowaczyk, published an article on his Trzemeszno24.info portal, shedding some light on the history of the forced labor camp for Jewish women in Trzemeszno<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> Z. Nowaczyk, <em>\u017byd\u00f3wki by\u0142y wi\u0119zione w \u201e\u0141azarzu\u201d [Jewish Women Were Imprisoned in \u2018Lazarus\u2019\u201d]<\/em>, dated 26.01.2023; accessed online: <a href=\"https:\/\/trzemeszno24.info\/zydowki-byly-wiezione-w-lazarzu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/trzemeszno24.info\/zydowki-byly-wiezione-w-lazarzu\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. Thanks to him and another history buff<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> My sincere thanks to Marian Przybylski and Zygmunt Nowaczyk for their assistance in reaching the documents from the State Archives in Lodz.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> , I learned of the existence of extremely valuable documents \u2013 correspondence between the ghetto supervisors in Lodz and the German authorities in Inowroclaw and the administrators of the labor camps to which Jews from the Lodz ghetto were sent<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">State Archives in Lodz, IDs 39\/221\/0\/5.1.10\/29692, 39\/221\/0\/5.1.10\/29687, 39\/221\/0\/5.1.10\/29694.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. They are a rich source of knowledge about the functioning of forced labor camps in the Inowroclaw district in 1942-1943. They contain, among other pieces, lists of prisoners by name, and information about their deaths. I, in my article, will present only a small snippet of this material \u2013 the portion related to <em>Judenlager Tremessen<\/em>, expanded by the accounts of the oldest residents of Trzemeszno.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-99e098b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"99e098b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cc4692 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"5cc4692\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c24c7c exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c24c7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Officially, the forced labor camp in Trzemeszno began operating on November 29, 1942, but in a letter dated August 25, 1943, the mayor of Trzemeszno corrects the starting date of the financial reckoning for female prisoners\u2019 labor by writing to the ghetto board in Lodz that \u201cThe Jewish labor force was not placed in the Jewish camp in Trzemeszno until December 3, 1942.\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">State Archives in Lodz, IDs 39\/221\/0\/5.1.10\/29687.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. <br \/>40 Jewish women were sent here directly from <em>Lager Frohdorf\u00a0<\/em> located in today's Radojewice near Inowroclaw. Both camps were among the many forced labor camps to which the Germans sent residents of the Lodz ghetto, as part of the great Reich highway construction project. From the accounts of Trzemeszno residents, we know that the women sent were young and engaged in municipal work in the town. The documents describe their \u201ctype of employment\u201d as <em>Anpflanzungen<\/em> \u2013 planting, which would agree with the recollection of a resident of the nearby village of Orchowo, Anna Dragan, of Jewish women planting trees along the road in that village.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cc01b0 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cc01b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The women were housed in the post-convent buildings of the so-called St. Lazarus Hospital, which originally served as a poorhouse in the late 18th century. Renata Linette's 1961 conservation study of Trzemeszno<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">R. Linette, Trzemeszno (woj. bydgoskie). Studium historyczno-urbanistyczne opracowane na zlecenie Prezydium Wojew\u00f3dzkiej Rady Narodowej Wydzia\u0142u Architektury i Nadzoru Budowlanego w Bydgoszczy,&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_7');\">Czytaj dalej<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> included a photograph from 1941 in which the complex of buildings was captured by a person named Graubner (photo 1). Perhaps the photograph was part of preparations for the establishment of a camp at the site. The renovated buildings are still standing today.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-861c4a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"861c4a9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c5eb818 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"c5eb818\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01c976e exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"01c976e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/zydzi-trzemeszno.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fot1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"fot1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzk5NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3p5ZHppLXRyemVtZXN6bm8ucGxcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9mb3QxLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zydzi-trzemeszno.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fot1.jpg\" title=\"fot1\" alt=\"fot1\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Photo 1. Complex of post-monastery buildings that housed a forced labor camp in <i>Trzemeszno (Bydgoszcz Province). Studium historyczno-urbanistyczne opracowane na zlecenie Prezydium Wojew\u00f3dzkiej Rady Narodowej Wydzia\u0142 Architektury i Nadzoru Budowlanego w Bydgoszczy,<\/i>, Pozna\u0144 1961; Archive of WUOZ in Pozna\u0144.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-820ee0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"820ee0b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70944c0 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"70944c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb74164 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb74164\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The few living witnesses of that time recall the camp's inmates as follows:<br \/>\u201cOn September 11, 1939, we had to move out of our house near the train station. Luckily, our grandmother lived in D\u0105browskiego Street. And we moved there into one room. It was later divided into a kitchen-and-room, because after all, there was no space. Father still took in a neighbor, a railroad worker, who lived on the other side. And there I saw how the gendarmes led such young Jewish women. They said they were Jewish women. They drove them in rags, just like... it\u2019s hard to even say. These older boys would jump towards them, give them bread or something. People were crying in the windows. We didn't know where they were being led. And they were going to the church [St. Lazarus Hospital \u2013 A.K.]. Several times I saw them being led. We that we were behind the glass pane, because we were not allowed to go into the street. Frightening. Sometimes those Germans yelled.\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Transcript of a conversation between A. Kostuch and L. Welniak in A. Kostuch's private archive.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> (Lucjan Welniak, born January 1939).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-37c3fd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"37c3fd1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-db7ab78 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"db7ab78\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b1551a exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b1551a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0\u201cI remember the Jewish women being led out... It was incredibly cold then... Mom gave us [Mrs. Miros\u0142awa and her brother Stefan \u2013 A.K.] wrapped sandwiches and also such felt shoes, something warm for them. We would go up to them and give this. I don't know how we managed to do that.\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Transcript of a conversation between A. Kostuch and M. Majewska in the private archive of A. Kostuch.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> (Miroslawa Majewska, born 1932).<br \/>Residents recalled that women were used for municipal work. In a series of German postcards of Trzemeszno produced during the occupation, there is one depicting the town's main square, with kneeling women busy weeding in the center (photo 2). What is striking is their identical clothing. With a high degree of probability, it can be assumed that these are the Jewish women we are talking about. In correspondence between the camp administrators and the ghetto authorities, we find a request to send handkerchiefs, clogs and socks for the female prisoners. The request was fulfilled in January of 1943. Other clothes were also sent in April.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-deaef5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"deaef5e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58455d6 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"58455d6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98a220e exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"98a220e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/zydzi-trzemeszno.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fot.2.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"fot.2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzk5MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3p5ZHppLXRyemVtZXN6bm8ucGxcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9mb3QuMi5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zydzi-trzemeszno.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fot.2.png\" title=\"fot.2\" alt=\"fot.2\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Photo 2. Marketplace in Trzemeszno, 1942\/43; source: from the private archive of A. Kostuch.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd4b49f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"fd4b49f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85c1cd5 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"85c1cd5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98e2aca exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98e2aca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>However, the most valuable documents \u2013 from the perspective of preserving the memory of Holocaust victims, which those women undoubtedly were \u2013 are the lists of their names (photos 3-4).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f945dbb exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f945dbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/zydzi-trzemeszno.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fot3-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"fot3\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzk5MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3p5ZHppLXRyemVtZXN6bm8ucGxcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9mb3QzLXNjYWxlZC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zydzi-trzemeszno.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fot3-scaled.jpg\" title=\"fot3\" alt=\"fot3\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Photo 3. List of female prisoners of the forced labor camp in Trzemeszno. Source: State Archives in Lodz, File 39\/221\/0\/5.1.10\/29687.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-691a410 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"691a410\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/zydzi-trzemeszno.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fot4-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"fot4\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODAzOCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3p5ZHppLXRyemVtZXN6bm8ucGxcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzA0XC9mb3Q0LXNjYWxlZC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zydzi-trzemeszno.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fot4-scaled.jpg\" title=\"fot4\" alt=\"fot4\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Photo 4. List of female prisoners of the forced labor camp in Trzemeszno. Source: State Archives in Lodz, ref. 39\/221\/0\/5.1.10\/29692.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8342fb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"8342fb7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-74b7550 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"74b7550\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa9ce1d exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa9ce1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Even if at first glance one can see that their record is far from its original appearance, it still opens up the possibility of identifying these people, with more or less success. With the help of Urszula Szot, an expert in the history of the Wieruszow Jews, information taken from the Yad Vashem archives and the Wieruszow Memory Book, I was able to establish that it is very likely that some of the Jewish women brought in came from Wieruszow. On the other hand, thanks to the list of prisoners from Lager Frohdorf, we know that several of them came from the districts of Kozminek, Turek, Dobra and Boleslawiec near Wielun. One of them, Genia Trzan (Tran), gave birth to a child on February 4, 1943, with whom she left Trzemeszno (Photo 3). There were other dramatic stories remembered by residents of the town and surrounding villages. There are repeated stories of Jewish women knocking on doors asking for food when the man guarding them turned a blind eye. One of them describes the drama of a little girl:<\/p><p>\u201cMy mother [Janina Kaczmarek \u2013 A.K.] hid a Jewish woman for a month. But I don't know the last name. There was a first name, which I don't remember either, and my mother did mention it. My parents lived in the center of town during the occupation. There was a garden in the back and there my mother hid her, brought her food, although they did not have any themselves. But what happened next, I don't know. Today I would like to ask about many things, but unfortunately my parents are gone. My father, a shoemaker by profession, had to repair shoes for the Germans throughout the occupation. That\u2019s why German soldiers, officers were coming down there [...].\"<br \/><br \/>It was certainly the middle of the occupation. This girl probably separated from this group [of Jewish women from the camp \u2013 A.K.] and escaped. I remember my mother saying that they were hoeing. If hoeing, I guess it must have been weeds. She felt sorry for her, and mother fed her for a month and hid her in that garden. Whether she left on her own or someone took her away, I don't know. But I don\u2019t think anything tragic happened \u2013 that the Germans captured her back. Because if the Germans had captured her, I would have known. Mom would have been troubled by it and mentioned it. Especially since it was a girl, a child.\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Transcript of A. Kostuch's conversation with St. Kaczmarek in the private archive of A. Kostuch.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>(Stefan Kaczmarek, born in 1950).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bf2720 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5bf2720\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the documents about the Trzemeszno camp there is no record that anybody escaped. But perhaps the Germans did not show the presence of female prisoners\u2019 children, as in the case of Geni Trzan\u2019s infant. The second version of the typewritten list of Jewish women no longer mentions it. The attached photographic postcard immortalized the child, sitting next to the weeding women (photo 2).<br \/><br \/>On April 8, 1943, 22 women left Trzemeszno and were directed to Mogilno (photo 3). Two of them \u2013 Sala Majerowicz and Hajdula (Szeindla) Friedmann - were transferred to <em>The Olscha Lager<\/em>, now the village of Olsza near Mogilno, on July 31, 1943.<br \/><br \/>The Trzemeszno camp was liquidated on May 21, 1943. The day before, the last 18 women were transferred to Olsza. <em>The Olscha Lager<\/em> consisted only of these 20 women and was housed in a school building until the end of August 1943. Later, the Jewish women were sent to the camp in Mogilno, which was located in a monastery. Mogilno residents remembered that the Jewish women worked in the city park. After the camp was liquidated on September 7, 1943, the prisoners were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7999_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">T. Kawski, op. cit. p. 186.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7999_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9f3dd7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"9f3dd7a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b39f58d exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"b39f58d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-848198e exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"848198e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><strong>Agnieszka Kostuch<\/strong><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1aae03f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"1aae03f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-994cc97 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"994cc97\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9ee847 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9ee847\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Translated by Kasia Smialkowski<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_7999_1();\">Przypisy<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_7999_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_7999_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_7999_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Przypisy<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">A. Zi\u00f3\u0142kowska,<em> Obozy pracy przymusowej dla \u017byd\u00f3w w Wielkopolsce w latach okupacji hitlerowskiej (1941-1943) [Forced Labor Camps for Jews in Greater Poland in the Years of Nazi Occupation (1941-1943)] <\/em>Appendix 1, p. 255.<em><br \/><\/em><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> T. Kawski, <em>Spo\u0142eczno\u015b\u0107 \u017cydowska na pograniczu kujawsko- wielkopolskim w XX wieku [The Jewish Community around the Kujawy-Greater Poland Borderland in the 20th Century], [in:] Z dziej\u00f3w pogranicza kujawsko-wielkopolskiego [From the History of the Kujawy-Greater Poland Borderland]<\/em>ed. D. Karczewski, Strzelno 2007, p. 187.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Z. Nowaczyk, <em>\u017byd\u00f3wki by\u0142y wi\u0119zione w \u201e\u0141azarzu\u201d [Jewish Women Were Imprisoned in \u2018Lazarus\u2019\u201d]<\/em>, dated 26.01.2023; accessed online: <a href=\"https:\/\/trzemeszno24.info\/zydowki-byly-wiezione-w-lazarzu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/trzemeszno24.info\/zydowki-byly-wiezione-w-lazarzu\/<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> My sincere thanks to Marian Przybylski and Zygmunt Nowaczyk for their assistance in reaching the documents from the State Archives in Lodz.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">State Archives in Lodz, IDs 39\/221\/0\/5.1.10\/29692, 39\/221\/0\/5.1.10\/29687, 39\/221\/0\/5.1.10\/29694.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">State Archives in Lodz, IDs 39\/221\/0\/5.1.10\/29687.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">R. Linette, <em>Trzemeszno (woj. bydgoskie). Studium historyczno-urbanistyczne opracowane na zlecenie Prezydium Wojew\u00f3dzkiej Rady Narodowej Wydzia\u0142 Architektury i Nadzoru Budowlanego w Bydgoszczy [Trzemeszno (Bydgoszcz province). Historical and urbanistic study commissioned by the Presidium of the Provincial National Council Department of Architecture and Building Supervision in Bydgoszcz]<\/em>, Poznan 1961.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Transcript of a conversation between A. Kostuch and L. Welniak in A. Kostuch's private archive.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Transcript of a conversation between A. Kostuch and M. Majewska in the private archive of A. Kostuch.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_10');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Transcript of A. Kostuch's conversation with St. Kaczmarek in the private archive of A. Kostuch.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7999_1_11');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7999_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">T. Kawski, op. cit. p. 186.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_7999_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_7999_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_7999_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_7999_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_7999_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_7999_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_7999_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_7999_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_7999_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_7999_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_7999_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_7999_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_7999_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_7999_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tajemniczy ob\u00f3z pracy przymusowej dla \u017byd\u00f3wek w Trzemesznie, istniej\u0105cy w okresie 1942-1943, d\u0142ugo pozostawa\u0142 w cieniu historii. 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